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Entrepreneurial skill acquisition among agricultural students in Nigeria universities has been of major concern due to explosion rate of unemployment in the country. In the study that investigated the determinants of the entrepreneurial skills acquisition among agricultural students in universities located in Ogun State, 40 students were purposefully selected [from] University of Agriculture, Tai Solarin University of Education and Olabisi Onabanjo University making a total of 120 students as the study sample. The findings revealed that [the] majority of the students were in the age grade of 21-24 years (63.1 per cent), male (71.7 per cent), Christian (52.5 per cent) and from Department of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, Home and Hotel Management Department, Department of Animal Production, Department of Crop Production, Department of Soil Science and Farm Mechanization and Department of Renewable Resources.

[The] majority of the respondents posited that they had acquired fish, pig, crop, poultry, rabbit, cattle, snail and grass-cutter productions. Also, the students posited that they have leadership skill, self confidence, ability to organize resources to achieve goals, innovate and speculate, have need for achievement and success in skill acquired and lastly possess strong desire for responsibility and independence respectively. Also 70.8 per cent of the respondents agreed that the level of the skill acquired determined their efficiency as entrepreneur. The study therefore recommended that economic policy and programs that are geared towards self reliance for individuals such as Open Apprenticeship Scheme, Graduate Employment Programs etc and other policies that encourage or make it easy for entrepreneurs to acquire the needed funds e.g. Peoples Bank of Nigeria, Funds for Small-Scale Industries (FUSSI), co-operative societies etc must be established throughout the nation and also empowered by the Government to assist entrepreneurs in Nigeria especially graduates from universities.

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Generic skills are important skills in the workplace. Apart from the technical skills required, generic skills become a necessity for every individual in order to work properly and efficiently. There are various types of important generic skills defined in the job, but in this study, generic skills is limited to eight types of skills that have been set by the Division of Vocational and Technical Education Skills Implementation Task BPTV including: applying skills and knowledge; the integration of health, safety and protection of sensitive communication skills and environment; reaction and problem solving skills; and skills to plan and organize. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of perception of vocational college teachers of the importance of generic skills and in the process of teaching and learning methods and generic skills in the teaching and learning process.

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Unemployment is a major development challenge of Ghana and that of other countries in the global south. In Ghana, this situation has been worsened by rapid urbanization experienced by the country in recent decades but without substantial expansion of job opportunities despite the general success of the economic liberalization policies pursued by Ghana since the middle of the 1980s. The youth are the hardest hit by the unemployment challenge and yet the cities continue to be a major attraction for migrants, especially the youth in search of employment there. Most of the youth end up operating within the informal economy either working for others or setting up and operating their own enterprises. Much of the work of the youth is entrepreneurial in nature and entrepreneurship is seen, all over the world, as a panacea for addressing youth unemployment and for economic development.

The widely shared view is that encouraging and facilitating business start up by young people provides them with the opportunity to enter the labour market through self-employment. Yet this has been downplayed in Africa partly due to the fact that specific research into the field of youth entrepreneurship in the African context is limited or non-existent. In Ghana, though the youth unemployment challenge has featured prominently in various government and non-governmental policies and programmes, their implementation has not had the desired impact. The formulation of policies and programmes to facilitate youth entrepreneurship has not been informed by research findings in view of the limited knowledge generated by research about youth entrepreneurship. This study was meant to contribute to filling that knowledge gap regarding youth entrepreneurship in Ghana in order to aid in the formulation of appropriate policies and programmes for enhancing youth entrepreneurship in the country.

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The paper focused on business and entrepreneurship education as a panacea for graduate unemployment in Nigeria. It explained graduate unemployment, business education and entrepreneurship development, entrepreneurship education and the roles these play in self-reliance and unemployment reduction among Nigeria graduates and the nation. The paper argued that business education has the potentials to develop, teach and inculcate entrepreneurial principles and skills in the graduates who would then be equipped, and become employable and self-employed, if given due attention. Self-employment/entrepreneurial opportunities available for business education graduates were outlined. Establishment of a model entrepreneurship incubation center for students' practice, inclusion of entrepreneurship in business education curriculum, more time for practical subjects are among the suggested ways the challenges could be overcome.

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Developing countries face peculiar problems, which includes a growing magnitude of educated unemployed. The presented study examines the structure and nature of the educated unemployed in India. The study analyzes unemployment amongst various education levels. It envisages the scope of further employment in non-farm sectors of these populace groups. It is observed that a good number of people, those educated up to middle, and even those educated beyond secondary level resort to doing agricultural and allied activities. Nonetheless, the percentage engaged in agricultural and allied jobs reduces substantially as the education level goes up from 'uneducated' to that of 'secondary and more educated' levels. The participation of females is more or less limited to low paid casual type employment.

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In Ghana the role and importance of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) are not clearly understood by the citizenry. This has led to misconceptions and poor public image of TVET because many people still hold the view that TVET is good for students who cannot use their brains or students who do not qualify for admission into the universities. Consequently, furniture design and production programmes at the pre- and tertiary levels institutions in Ghana are frowned upon even among technical and vocational graduates. This is indicated by the dwindling number of students patronizing wood work and furniture design programmes at these levels of training in recent times. The purpose of the study is to explore the nature and impact of TVET stigma on the performance of the furniture trade and the trend of enrolment in both technical and polytechnic institutions. Using convenience sampling technique, data were collected from graduates from pre-tertiary technical and vocational institutions in the southern part of the country. The study revealed guardian's/parent's dislike and low public image as some of the stigma for the furniture profession. Furthermore, less than 50 per cent of the respondents would be motivated to opt for the programme even if an offer of full scholarship is made. The general negative societal perception about the furniture trade persists and that incites even graduates of technical and vocational institution not to opt for the programme.

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To ensure that Malaysia has a high competitiveness at international level, priority should be given to technical education and vocational training (TEVT), especially with regard to producing educators who have an effective leadership style. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the leadership style of female students in Master of Technical and Vocational Education in University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), as an indicator of their readiness to enter into the career world as an educator. The selected sample consists of 35 female students in the second year (final semester) of Master of TEVT in UTHM. In order to implement this study, a questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents.

The raw data obtained was analyzed quantitatively by SPSS (Statistical Package For Social Science) version 20.0. The data was analyzed using descriptive analysis and scoring. The findings show that the female students of Master of TEVT have a distinctive style of leadership. Results of the analysis show that the majority of students have a Laissez Faire leadership style. The research also shows that the accountability of female students in Master of TVET is at a high level of 4.05 while charisma of female students in Master of TVET is at the moderate level of 3.445. In conclusion, this research was able to identify the style of leadership, accountability and charisma that female students in Master of TVET have.

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In this paper, a study was conducted to examine and test the impact of work life balance and job satisfaction on a person's social life and personal life. The study used a large and representative section of data from the service sector (hospitals) of Karachi. The research shows that approximately 50 per cent of people are not satisfied with their job and due to which they cannot have a proper work life balance. Many of the people want to reduce their working hours in order to have proper work life balance in their lives. The study further illustrates that work life balance varies according to gender as well as marital status and it differs from person to person and status to status.

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The research delved into structures and strategies that affect the organisation of career guidance programmes in second cycle schools in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana. The descriptive survey was used for the study, and it adopted both qualitative and quantitative research paradigms in gathering the data. A total of 432 subjects participated. Out of this number, 420 were students, six were Guidance Coordinators, and six were Heads of Institutions. It was found that among the six Guidance Coordinators only two were professionally trained Counsellors. It also came to light that all the Guidance Coordinators were full-time teachers and as such could not devote much time for guidance and counselling activities. For a greater impact to be felt in the delivery of career guidance programmes there is the need for full-time professionals who would have ample time, and also devise various activities that promote career education in schools.

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The main aspiration of the study was to discover and evaluate the predictors of career success for the faculty members of public sector universities in Pakistan. Data was collected from 92 faculty members who are currently either on study leave or on scholarship and enrolled as international doctoral candidates in four different universities of Malaysia. The results supported the significant positive association of planning and [human resource management] HRM practices with career success. The study converses the significance of these conclusions for faculty members' career success in public sector universities of Pakistan.

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